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praetorian prefect
Praetorian prefect ((ラテン語:praefectus praetorio), ) was the title of a high office in the Roman Empire. Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders becoming the Emperor's chief aides. Under Constantine I, the office was much reduced in power and transformed into a purely civilian administrative post, while under his successors, territorially-defined praetorian prefectures emerged as the highest-level administrative division of the Empire. The prefects again functioned as the chief ministers of the state, with many laws addressed to them by name. In this role, praetorian prefects continued to be appointed until the reign of Heraclius in the 7th century CE, when wide-ranging reforms reduced its power and converted it to a mere overseer of provincial administration. The last traces of the prefecture disappeared in the Byzantine Empire by the 840s.
The term ''praefectus praetorio'' was often abbreviated in inscriptions as 'PR PR' or 'PPO'.〔Lesley and Roy Adkins. ''Handbook to life in Ancient Rome.''Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-19-512332-8. page 241〕〔M. C. J. Miller. ''Abbreviations in Latin''.Ares Publishers, inc., 1998. ISBN 0-89005-568-8. Pages xxcii and xcvi, ''sub vocibus''.〕
== History ==
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